The Journal of Neuroscience, November 4, 2009, 29(44):13761-13769; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4246-09.2009
Hulya Karatas,1 Yesim Aktas,2 Yasemin Gursoy-Ozdemir,1 Ebru Bodur,3 Muge Yemisci,1 Secil Caban,2 Atay Vural,1 Onur Pinarbasli,2 Yilmaz Capan,2 Eduardo Fernandez-Megia,4 Ramon Novoa-Carballal,4 Ricardo Riguera,4 Karine Andrieux,5 Patrick Couvreur,5 and Turgay Dalkara1
1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey, 4Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, and Unidad de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear de Biomoléculas Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and 5Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8612, 92296 Chatenay Malabry, France
Keywords: cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), nanocarrier system,chitosan nanospheres, caspase-3 inhibitor, Polyethylene glycol-coated nanospheres, intravenously injected, neuroprotection, efficient penetration, brain delivery, treatment of CNS disorders.
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
On Your Last Nerve: Researchers Advance Understanding of Stem Cells
ScienceDaily (Nov. 17, 2009) — Researchers from North Carolina State University have identified a gene that tells embryonic stem cells in the brain when to stop producing nerve cells called neurons. The research is a significant advance in understanding the development of the nervous system, which is essential to addressing conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.
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Sunday, November 15, 2009
Acute Beta-adrenergic Stimulation does not Alter Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis or Markers of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Adult Men.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Nov 11
Robinson MM, Richards JC, Hickey MS, Moore DR, Phillips SM, Bell C, Miller BF.
Colorado State University.
Keywords: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha), beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) antagonist, skeletal muscle PGC-1alpha expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, whole body protein turnover (WBPT), myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyPS), skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis (MiPS), mitochondrial biogenic signalling, non-specific beta-AR agonist (isoproterenol (ISO),PGC-1alpha, TFAM, NRF-1, NRF-2, COX, NADHox.
Robinson MM, Richards JC, Hickey MS, Moore DR, Phillips SM, Bell C, Miller BF.
Colorado State University.
Keywords: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha), beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) antagonist, skeletal muscle PGC-1alpha expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, whole body protein turnover (WBPT), myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyPS), skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis (MiPS), mitochondrial biogenic signalling, non-specific beta-AR agonist (isoproterenol (ISO),PGC-1alpha, TFAM, NRF-1, NRF-2, COX, NADHox.
Saturday, November 14, 2009
Frataxin (FXN); histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)
SciBX: Science-Business eXchange 2, (2009) | doi:10.1038/scibx.2009.1637.
Kwywords: cell culture, HDAC3, Friedreich's ataxia, neurodegenerative, FXN gene.
Kwywords: cell culture, HDAC3, Friedreich's ataxia, neurodegenerative, FXN gene.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
Neuroprotection using gene therapy to induce vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression
Gene Therapy (2009) 16, 1292–1299; doi:10.1038/gt.2009.111;
S A Sakowski1, S B Heavener2,5, J S Lunn1, K Fung3, S S Oh1, S K Spratt4, N D Hogikyan2 and E L Feldman1
1Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
3Department of Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
4Sangamo BioSciences, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA
Keywords:zinc-finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors, adenoviral vectors, Ad-32Ep65-Flag (Ad-p65), VEGF, increase in axon outgrowth, neuroprotective effects, laryngeal nerve (RLN)-crush injury, nerve regeneration, nerve injury, neurodegeneration.
S A Sakowski1, S B Heavener2,5, J S Lunn1, K Fung3, S S Oh1, S K Spratt4, N D Hogikyan2 and E L Feldman1
1Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
3Department of Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
4Sangamo BioSciences, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA
Keywords:zinc-finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors, adenoviral vectors, Ad-32Ep65-Flag (Ad-p65), VEGF, increase in axon outgrowth, neuroprotective effects, laryngeal nerve (RLN)-crush injury, nerve regeneration, nerve injury, neurodegeneration.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Vascular niche factor PEDF modulates Notch-dependent stemness in the adult subependymal zone
Nature Neuroscience
Published online: 8 November 2009
doi:10.1038/nn.2437
Celia Andreu-Agulló, José Manuel Morante-Redolat, Ana C Delgado & Isabel Fariñas.
About stem cells, neurodegeneration, not specific Friedreich ataxia
Keywords: stem cell microenvironments, regulate self-renewal, astroglia-like neural stem cells (NSCs), Notch transcriptional activity, multipotency, Pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF), NF-B pathway, N-CoR.
Link To Full text: http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.2437.html
Published online: 8 November 2009
doi:10.1038/nn.2437
Celia Andreu-Agulló, José Manuel Morante-Redolat, Ana C Delgado & Isabel Fariñas.
About stem cells, neurodegeneration, not specific Friedreich ataxia
Keywords: stem cell microenvironments, regulate self-renewal, astroglia-like neural stem cells (NSCs), Notch transcriptional activity, multipotency, Pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF), NF-B pathway, N-CoR.
Link To Full text: http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.2437.html
Friday, November 6, 2009
The specificity of neuroprotection by antioxidants
Journal of Biomedical Science 2009, 16:98doi:10.1186/1423-0127-16-98
Published: 5 November 2009
Yuanbin Liu and David R Schubert
Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies,10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037-1099 USA
OPEN ACCESS
Abstract (provisional)
Background
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in aging and age-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Much of the ROS production under conditions of toxic stress is from mitochondria, and multiple antioxidants prevent ROS accumulation. The aim of this study is to examine the specificity of the interaction between the antioxidants and ROS production in stressed cells.
Methods
Using fluorescent dyes for ROS detection and mitochondrial inhibitors of known specificities, we studied ROS production under three conditions where ROS are produced by mitochondria: oxidative glutamate toxicity, state IV respiration induced by oligomycin, and tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death.
Results
We demonstrated that there are at least four mitochondrial ROS-generating sites in cells, including the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) group of complex I and the three ubiquinone-binding sites in complexes I, II and III. ROS production from these sites is modulated in an insult-specific manner and the sites are differentially accessible to common antioxidants.
Conclusions
The inhibition of ROS accumulation by different antioxidants is specific to the site of ROS generation as well as the antioxidant. This information should be useful for devising new interventions to delay aging or treat ROS-related diseases.
Link to full text: http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/pdf/1423-0127-16-98.pdf
Published: 5 November 2009
Yuanbin Liu and David R Schubert
Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies,10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037-1099 USA
OPEN ACCESS
Abstract (provisional)
Background
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in aging and age-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Much of the ROS production under conditions of toxic stress is from mitochondria, and multiple antioxidants prevent ROS accumulation. The aim of this study is to examine the specificity of the interaction between the antioxidants and ROS production in stressed cells.
Methods
Using fluorescent dyes for ROS detection and mitochondrial inhibitors of known specificities, we studied ROS production under three conditions where ROS are produced by mitochondria: oxidative glutamate toxicity, state IV respiration induced by oligomycin, and tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death.
Results
We demonstrated that there are at least four mitochondrial ROS-generating sites in cells, including the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) group of complex I and the three ubiquinone-binding sites in complexes I, II and III. ROS production from these sites is modulated in an insult-specific manner and the sites are differentially accessible to common antioxidants.
Conclusions
The inhibition of ROS accumulation by different antioxidants is specific to the site of ROS generation as well as the antioxidant. This information should be useful for devising new interventions to delay aging or treat ROS-related diseases.
Link to full text: http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/pdf/1423-0127-16-98.pdf
Thursday, November 5, 2009
Auditory Perception in Individuals with Friedreich's Ataxia
Audiol Neurotol 2010;15:229-240 (DOI: 10.1159/000255341)
Gary Rancea, Louise Corbenb, Elizabeth Barkera, Peter Carewa, Donella Chisaria, Meghan Rogersa, Richard Dowella, Saiful Jamaluddina, Rochelle Brysona, Martin B. Delatyckib
aDepartment of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, and
bMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
Keywords: Friedreich's ataxia, Auditory perception, Temporal processing, Speech perception.
Gary Rancea, Louise Corbenb, Elizabeth Barkera, Peter Carewa, Donella Chisaria, Meghan Rogersa, Richard Dowella, Saiful Jamaluddina, Rochelle Brysona, Martin B. Delatyckib
aDepartment of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, and
bMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
Keywords: Friedreich's ataxia, Auditory perception, Temporal processing, Speech perception.
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
Auditory plasticity and speech motor learning
Sazzad M. Nasira and David J. Ostrya,
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT 06511
Edited by Michael M. Merzenich, University of California, San Francisco, CA, and approved September 24, 2009 (received for review June 28, 2009)
OPEN ACCES
Abstract
Is plasticity in sensory and motor systems linked? Here, in the context of speech motor learning and perception, we test the idea sensory function is modified by motor learning and, in particular, that speech motor learning affects a speaker's auditory map. We assessed speech motor learning by using a robotic device that displaced the jaw and selectively altered somatosensory feedback during speech. We found that with practice speakers progressively corrected for the mechanical perturbation and after motor learning they also showed systematic changes in their perceptual classification of speech sounds. The perceptual shift was tied to motor learning. Individuals that displayed greater amounts of learning also showed greater perceptual change. Perceptual change was not observed in control subjects that produced the same movements, but in the absence of a force field, nor in subjects that experienced the force field but failed to adapt to the mechanical load. The perceptual effects observed here indicate the involvement of the somatosensory system in the neural processing of speech sounds and suggest that speech motor learning results in changes to auditory perceptual function.
link to full text: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/10/30/0907032106.full.pdf
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT 06511
Edited by Michael M. Merzenich, University of California, San Francisco, CA, and approved September 24, 2009 (received for review June 28, 2009)
OPEN ACCES
Abstract
Is plasticity in sensory and motor systems linked? Here, in the context of speech motor learning and perception, we test the idea sensory function is modified by motor learning and, in particular, that speech motor learning affects a speaker's auditory map. We assessed speech motor learning by using a robotic device that displaced the jaw and selectively altered somatosensory feedback during speech. We found that with practice speakers progressively corrected for the mechanical perturbation and after motor learning they also showed systematic changes in their perceptual classification of speech sounds. The perceptual shift was tied to motor learning. Individuals that displayed greater amounts of learning also showed greater perceptual change. Perceptual change was not observed in control subjects that produced the same movements, but in the absence of a force field, nor in subjects that experienced the force field but failed to adapt to the mechanical load. The perceptual effects observed here indicate the involvement of the somatosensory system in the neural processing of speech sounds and suggest that speech motor learning results in changes to auditory perceptual function.
link to full text: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/10/30/0907032106.full.pdf
Researchers Unlock The 'Sound Of Learning' By Linking Sensory And Motor Systems
Medicalnewstoday, Article Date: 04 Nov 2009 - 0:00 PST
Learning to talk also changes the way speech sounds are heard, according to a new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by scientists at Haskins Laboratories, a Yale-affiliated research laboratory. The findings could have a major impact on improving speech disorders. (read more)
Learning to talk also changes the way speech sounds are heard, according to a new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by scientists at Haskins Laboratories, a Yale-affiliated research laboratory. The findings could have a major impact on improving speech disorders. (read more)
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