Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, DOI 10.3233/JAD-2009-1188
Authors
Tony Valente1, Juan Hidalgo2, Irene Bolea1, Bartolomé Ramirez3, Neus Anglés3, Jordi Reguant3, José Ramón Morelló3, Cristina Gutiérrez1, Mercè Boada4, Mercedes Unzeta1
1Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Torre M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
2Institut de Neurociències, and Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiologia, e Inmunología, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
3La Morella Nuts SA, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
Keywords: 129S1/SvImJ mice, adult neurogenesis, diet, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, several neurodegenerative pathologies, potent antioxidant effect, neurodegenerative diseases.
Full text: http://iospress.metapress.com/content/91261l2n31q4q797/fulltext.pdf
Tuesday, November 24, 2009
Polyphenols and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Boost the Birth of New Neurons, Study Finds
ScienceDaily (Nov. 24, 2009) — Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) researchers have confirmed that a diet rich in polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids, patented as an LMN diet, helps boost the production of the brain's stem cells -neurogenesis- and strengthens their differentiation in different types of neuron cells. read more....
Histone modifications are specifically relocated during gene activation and nuclear differentiation
OPEN ACCESS
Katharina S Heyse , Susanne E Weber and Hans Joachim Lipps
BMC Genomics 2009, 10:554doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-554
Published: 24 November 2009
Abstract (provisional)
Background
Post-translational histone modifications (PTMs) and their specific distribution on genes play a crucial role in the control of gene expression, but the regulation of their dynamics upon gene activation and differentiation is still poorly understood. Here, we exploit the unique genome organization of ciliates to analyse PTM dynamics during gene activation in the differentiated cell and during nuclear differentiation. In the macronucleus of these cells the DNA is organized into nanochromosomes which represent independent functional units. Therefore ciliated protozoa represent a simplistic model system to analyse the relevance of histone modifications and their localization for gene expression and differentiation.
Results
We analysed the distribution of three PTMs on six individual nanochromosomes, two of which are silenced in the vegetative cell and only activated during sexual reproduction. We show that a specific relocation of these PTMs correlates with gene activation. Moreover, macronuclear-destined sequences in the differentiating macronucleus display a distribution of PTMs which differs significantly from the PTM patterns of actively transcribed genes.
Conclusions
We show for the first time that a relocation of specific histone modifications takes place during activation of genes. In addition, we demonstrate that genes in a differentiating nucleus are characterised by a specific distribution and composition of PTMs. This allows us to propose a mechanistic model about the relevance of PTMs for gene activation, gene silencing and nuclear differentiation. Results described here will be relevant for eukaryotic cells in general.
The complete article is available as a provisional PDF
Katharina S Heyse , Susanne E Weber and Hans Joachim Lipps
BMC Genomics 2009, 10:554doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-554
Published: 24 November 2009
Abstract (provisional)
Background
Post-translational histone modifications (PTMs) and their specific distribution on genes play a crucial role in the control of gene expression, but the regulation of their dynamics upon gene activation and differentiation is still poorly understood. Here, we exploit the unique genome organization of ciliates to analyse PTM dynamics during gene activation in the differentiated cell and during nuclear differentiation. In the macronucleus of these cells the DNA is organized into nanochromosomes which represent independent functional units. Therefore ciliated protozoa represent a simplistic model system to analyse the relevance of histone modifications and their localization for gene expression and differentiation.
Results
We analysed the distribution of three PTMs on six individual nanochromosomes, two of which are silenced in the vegetative cell and only activated during sexual reproduction. We show that a specific relocation of these PTMs correlates with gene activation. Moreover, macronuclear-destined sequences in the differentiating macronucleus display a distribution of PTMs which differs significantly from the PTM patterns of actively transcribed genes.
Conclusions
We show for the first time that a relocation of specific histone modifications takes place during activation of genes. In addition, we demonstrate that genes in a differentiating nucleus are characterised by a specific distribution and composition of PTMs. This allows us to propose a mechanistic model about the relevance of PTMs for gene activation, gene silencing and nuclear differentiation. Results described here will be relevant for eukaryotic cells in general.
The complete article is available as a provisional PDF
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