Wednesday, March 14, 2018

Large-scale computational drug repositioning to find treatments for rare diseases

Rajiv Gandhi Govindaraj, Misagh Naderi, Manali Singha, Jeffrey Lemoine & Michal Brylinski. npj Systems Biology and Applications 4, Article number: 13 (2018) doi:10.1038/s41540-018-0050-7

Computer-aided drug repositioning, i.e., finding new indications for existing drugs, is a cheaper and faster alternative to traditional drug discovery offering a promising venue for orphan drug research. Structure-based matching of drug-binding pockets is among the most promising computational techniques to inform drug repositioning. In order to find new targets for known drugs ultimately leading to drug repositioning, we recently developed eMatchSite, a new computer program to compare drug-binding sites. In this study, eMatchSite is combined with virtual screening to systematically explore opportunities to reposition known drugs to proteins associated with rare diseases.

Genetic testing for clinically suspected spinocerebellar ataxias: report from a tertiary referral centre in India

Sowmya Devatha Venkatesh, Mahesh Kandasamy, Nagaraj S. Moily, Radhika Vaidyanathan, Lakshmi Narayanan Kota, Syama Adhikarla, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal, Sanjeev Jain, Meera Purushottam. J Genet (2018). doi:10.1007/s12041-018-0911-2

The prevalence of the syndromes of SCA varies across the world and is known to be linked to the instability of trinucleotide repeats within the high-end normal alleles, along with susceptible haplotype. We estimated sizes of the CAG or GAA repeat expansions at the SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA12 and frataxin loci among 864 referrals of subjects to genetic counselling and testing (GCAT) clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India, with suspected SCA. The most frequent mutations detected were SCA1 (n=100 (11.6%)) and SCA2 (n=98 (11.3%)) followed by SCA3 (n=40 (4.6%)), FRDA (n=20 (2.3%)) and SCA12 (n=8 (0.9%)).

Tuesday, March 13, 2018

Bone marrow transplantation stimulates neural repair in Friedreich's ataxia mice

Kevin C Kemp, Kelly Hares, Juliana Redondo, Amelia J Cook, Harry R Haynes, Bronwen R Burton, Mark A Pook, Claire M Rice, Neil J Scolding and Alastair Wilkins; Annals of Neurology, Accepted manuscript online: 13 MAR 2018 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25207

Our data provide proof-of-concept of gene replacement therapy, via allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, that reverses neurological features of Friedreich's ataxia with the potential for rapid clinical translation.

Sunday, March 11, 2018

New Insights into the Role of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Neuro-Inflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuroprotection.

Haque A, Polcyn R, Matzelle D, Banik NL. Brain Sci. 2018 Feb;8(2) . doi:10.3390/brainsci8020033. PMID: 29463007; PMCID: PMC5836052.

Elevated NSE is thought to be a marker of oxidative damage and is the underlying parameter of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington disease (HD), Friedreich ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, rare familial forms Parkinson disease (PD), Alzheimer disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Regulation of NSE via Cat X or other avenues may be important therapeutic strategies for prevention of inflammation and neurodegeneration in SCI and many other neurodegenerative diseases. Future studies should focus on the regulation of NSE for optimum attenuation of neuro-inflammation and promotion of neuroprotection in neurodegenerative conditions.

Saturday, March 10, 2018

Pitfalls in molecular diagnosis of Friedreich ataxia

Giulia Barcia, Myriam Rachid, Maryse Magen, Zahra Assouline, Michel Koenig, Benoit Funalot, Christine Barnerias, Agnès Rötig, Arnold Munnich, Jean-Paul Bonnefont, Julie Steffann, European Journal of Medical Genetics, Available online 9 March 2018, ISSN 1769-7212, doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.03.004.

We report on an initial pitfall in the molecular characterization of a 15 year-old girl with Freidreich ataxia (FRDA) who carried a rare deletion in intron 1 of the FXN gene. Due to this deletion TP-PCR failed to amplify the GAA expansion. This exceptional configuration induced misinterpretation of the molecular defect in this patient, who was first reported as having no FXN expansion. NGS analysis of a panel of 212 genes involved in nuclear mitochondrial disorders further revealed an intragenic deletion encompassing exons 4–5 of the FXN gene. Modified TP-PCR analysis confirmed the presence of a classical (GAA)n expansion located in trans. This case points out the possible pitfalls in molecular diagnosis of FRDA in affected patients and their relatives: detection of the FXN expansion may be impaired by several non-pathological or pathological variants around the FXN (GAA)n repeat. We propose a new molecular strategy to accurately detect expansion by TP-PCR in FRDA patients.

Friday, March 9, 2018

Molecular genetic testing for hereditary ataxia-What every neurologist should know

Stephanie E. Wallace, Thomas D. Bird Neurology: Clinical Practice Feb 2018, 8 (1) 27-32; DOI: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000421

The majority of individuals with hereditary ataxias have nucleotide repeat expansions, pathogenic variants that are not detectable with clinical exome sequencing. Multigene panels that include specific assays to determine nucleotide repeat lengths should be considered first in individuals with hereditary ataxia.

Thursday, March 8, 2018

In the Clinic-Cerebellar Ataxia: How to Treat Cerebellar Ataxia — What the AAN Evidence-Based Guideline Suggests

Samson, Kurt. Neurology Today: March 8, 2018 - Volume 18 - Issue 5 - p 34–36 doi: 10.1097/01.NT.0000531206.29854.dd

A systematic review of studies on cerebellar motor dysfunction and ataxia revealed a dearth of good evidence for therapies. In part, the author panel found that the heterogeneous nature of the disorders that comprise cerebellar ataxia make it difficult to study.

Channelopathies influence on neurotransmitters monitorable by real time in situ voltammetry, a review and research proposal

Crespi F (2018). Med Clin Arch 2: DOI: 10.15761/MCA.1000128

It has been observed that 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin precursor, is more effective than placebo improving neurological symptoms in patients with Friedreich ataxia (FA). FA is an autosomal recessive genetic illness responsible for progressive damage to the nervous system in the spinal cord, in particular of sensory neurons basal for leading muscle motion of the arms and legs via link with the cerebellum.

Iron–sulfur clusters: from metals through mitochondria biogenesis to disease

Cardenas-Rodriguez, M., Chatzi, A. & Tokatlidis, K. J Biol Inorg Chem (2018). doi:10.1007/s00775-018-1548-6


Frataxin is involved in Fe–S clusters biogenesis. Thus, alterations linked to iron metabolism are present in FRDA. The pathophysiology of FRDA comprises deficit of aconitase and respiratory chain complexes, presence of oxidative damage markers in blood and urine, and intracellular iron accumulation [82, 84, 85, 86]. Currently, no successful treatment is available for FRDA. One main reason for this is the lack of understood detailed understanding of mechanisms of Fe–S cluster biogenesis and appropriate disease models.

Friedreich Ataxia Scientific News: Monthly update: February 7- March 8, 2018


Friedreich Ataxia Scientific News


Monthly update:   February 7- March 8, 2018

Thursday, March 8, 2018

Wednesday, March 7, 2018

Friday, March 2, 2018

Thursday, March 1, 2018

Tuesday, February 27, 2018

Monday, February 26, 2018

Friday, February 23, 2018

Thursday, February 22, 2018

Wednesday, February 21, 2018

Tuesday, February 20, 2018

Friday, February 16, 2018

Thursday, February 15, 2018

Tuesday, February 13, 2018

Wednesday, February 7, 2018