A Novel Solution-Gated Graphene Transistor Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Trinucleotide Repeats

Zhiqi Ge, Mingyu Ma, Zang Chang, Meijun Chen, Hanping He, Xiuhua Zhang and Shengfu Wang, 2020, doi:10.1039/D0AN00205D

A new way to detect GAA trinucleotide repeats (TNR) based on solution-gated graphene transistor (SGGT) with high performance was developed. Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease where the first intron of the frataxin (FXN) gene exhibits an extended GAA repeat region. Herein, a SGGT biosensor was constructed based on G-quadruplex DNAzymes and graphene channels. The DNAzymes quantify the captured target DNA by producing a strong catalytic current signal depending on the peroxidase-like activity. The higher the target DNA quantity captured on the gate electrode is, the higher is the concentration of DNAzymes on the surface of the gate electrode, which generates a high catalytic current. Due to the excellent self-amplifying performance of the transistor, the current signal of the SGGT is several hundreds of times larger than in conventional electrochemistry under identical detection conditions. Moreover, a large current signal can be obtained in the case of a low concentration of H2O2 when compared to the case of an enzyme-catalyzed transistor. The SGGT biosensor also exhibits ultra-low detection limit (32.25 fM), a wide linear range (100 fM–100 nM), and excellent selectivity. The results show that the SGGT biosensor shows a great potential in the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.

A Novel Solution-Gated Graphene Transistor Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Trinucleotide Repeats