Acute Beta-adrenergic Stimulation does not Alter Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis or Markers of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Adult Men.

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Nov 11

Robinson MM, Richards JC, Hickey MS, Moore DR, Phillips SM, Bell C, Miller BF.
Colorado State University.

Keywords: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha), beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) antagonist, skeletal muscle PGC-1alpha expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, whole body protein turnover (WBPT), myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyPS), skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis (MiPS), mitochondrial biogenic signalling, non-specific beta-AR agonist (isoproterenol (ISO),PGC-1alpha, TFAM, NRF-1, NRF-2, COX, NADHox.

Frataxin (FXN); histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)

SciBX: Science-Business eXchange 2, (2009) | doi:10.1038/scibx.2009.1637.

Kwywords: cell culture, HDAC3, Friedreich's ataxia, neurodegenerative, FXN gene.

Neuroprotection using gene therapy to induce vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression

Gene Therapy (2009) 16, 1292–1299; doi:10.1038/gt.2009.111;
S A Sakowski1, S B Heavener2,5, J S Lunn1, K Fung3, S S Oh1, S K Spratt4, N D Hogikyan2 and E L Feldman1

1Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
3Department of Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
4Sangamo BioSciences, Inc., Richmond, CA, USA

Keywords:zinc-finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors, adenoviral vectors, Ad-32Ep65-Flag (Ad-p65), VEGF, increase in axon outgrowth, neuroprotective effects, laryngeal nerve (RLN)-crush injury, nerve regeneration, nerve injury, neurodegeneration.

Vascular niche factor PEDF modulates Notch-dependent stemness in the adult subependymal zone

Nature Neuroscience

Published online: 8 November 2009
doi:10.1038/nn.2437
Celia Andreu-Agulló, José Manuel Morante-Redolat, Ana C Delgado & Isabel Fariñas.
About stem cells, neurodegeneration, not specific Friedreich ataxia
Keywords: stem cell microenvironments, regulate self-renewal,  astroglia-like neural stem cells (NSCs), Notch transcriptional activity,  multipotency, Pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF), NF-B pathway, N-CoR.
 
Link To Full text: http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.2437.html

The specificity of neuroprotection by antioxidants

Journal of Biomedical Science 2009, 16:98doi:10.1186/1423-0127-16-98

Published: 5 November 2009

Yuanbin Liu and David R Schubert


Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies,10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037-1099 USA


OPEN ACCESS

Abstract (provisional)


Background

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in aging and age-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Much of the ROS production under conditions of toxic stress is from mitochondria, and multiple antioxidants prevent ROS accumulation. The aim of this study is to examine the specificity of the interaction between the antioxidants and ROS production in stressed cells.

Methods

Using fluorescent dyes for ROS detection and mitochondrial inhibitors of known specificities, we studied ROS production under three conditions where ROS are produced by mitochondria: oxidative glutamate toxicity, state IV respiration induced by oligomycin, and tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death.

Results

We demonstrated that there are at least four mitochondrial ROS-generating sites in cells, including the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) group of complex I and the three ubiquinone-binding sites in complexes I, II and III. ROS production from these sites is modulated in an insult-specific manner and the sites are differentially accessible to common antioxidants.

Conclusions

The inhibition of ROS accumulation by different antioxidants is specific to the site of ROS generation as well as the antioxidant. This information should be useful for devising new interventions to delay aging or treat ROS-related diseases.



Link to full text: http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/pdf/1423-0127-16-98.pdf

Auditory Perception in Individuals with Friedreich's Ataxia

Audiol Neurotol 2010;15:229-240 (DOI: 10.1159/000255341)
Gary Rancea, Louise Corbenb, Elizabeth Barkera, Peter Carewa, Donella Chisaria, Meghan Rogersa, Richard Dowella, Saiful Jamaluddina, Rochelle Brysona, Martin B. Delatyckib

aDepartment of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, and
bMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia

Keywords: Friedreich's ataxia, Auditory perception, Temporal processing, Speech perception.

Auditory plasticity and speech motor learning

Sazzad M. Nasira and David J. Ostrya,
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and  Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT 06511

Edited by Michael M. Merzenich, University of California, San Francisco, CA, and approved September 24, 2009 (received for review June 28, 2009)

OPEN ACCES
 
Abstract


Is plasticity in sensory and motor systems linked? Here, in the context of speech motor learning and perception, we test the idea sensory function is modified by motor learning and, in particular, that speech motor learning affects a speaker's auditory map. We assessed speech motor learning by using a robotic device that displaced the jaw and selectively altered somatosensory feedback during speech. We found that with practice speakers progressively corrected for the mechanical perturbation and after motor learning they also showed systematic changes in their perceptual classification of speech sounds. The perceptual shift was tied to motor learning. Individuals that displayed greater amounts of learning also showed greater perceptual change. Perceptual change was not observed in control subjects that produced the same movements, but in the absence of a force field, nor in subjects that experienced the force field but failed to adapt to the mechanical load. The perceptual effects observed here indicate the involvement of the somatosensory system in the neural processing of speech sounds and suggest that speech motor learning results in changes to auditory perceptual function.

link to full text: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/10/30/0907032106.full.pdf

Researchers Unlock The 'Sound Of Learning' By Linking Sensory And Motor Systems

Medicalnewstoday, Article Date: 04 Nov 2009 - 0:00 PST

Learning to talk also changes the way speech sounds are heard, according to a new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by scientists at Haskins Laboratories, a Yale-affiliated research laboratory. The findings could have a major impact on improving speech disorders. (read more)

Frataxin interacts with Isu1 through a conserved tryptophan in its beta-sheet.

Hum Mol Genet. 2009,  Nov 2.

Leidgens S, De Smet S, Foury F.

Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5-15, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

Keywords: Friedreich's ataxia, frataxin, iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters, Yfh1, Isu1, beta-sheet platform, Q129A, I130A, W131A(F), R141A, low aconitase activity, Gln-129, Trp-131, Arg-141, aromatic side chain.

Iron Deficiency is the Most Common Deficiency Among People

November 02, 2009
http://www.associatedcontent.com/

Keyword: Dr. Timothy Stemmler, Wayne State University, University of Michigan-Dearborn, iron deficiency, Anemia, Parkinson's, Fredreich's Ataxia,  frataxin.